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Vanguard S&P 500 ETF

Vanguard S&P 500 ETF(VOO)是 VanguardVanguardVanguard(The Vanguard Group)是总部位于美国宾夕法尼亚州 Valley Forge 的资产管理公司,由 John C. Bogle 于1974年创立。它采用由旗下基金持有公司、基金又由投资者持有的结构,以低成本指数基金闻名,1976年推出面向个人投资者的首只指数共同基金,推动了基金业降低费用。点击查看完整词条 500 Index Fund 的 ETF 份额,跟踪标普500指数,2026年6月成为首只规模超过1万亿美元的 ETF。

本页目录16 节
词条资料

First Index Investment Trust 推出

该基金于1976年8月31日推出,跟踪标普500指数表现,发行时仅募得1130万美元,远低于1.5亿美元的目标。⁠[1]

该基金后更名为 Vanguard 500 Index Fund,初期年度运营费用为0.43%。⁠[2]

获得 ETF 份额类别豁免

2000年,Vanguard 获得对《1940年投资公司法》部分规定的豁免,得以将 ETF 份额作为其现有共同基金的一个份额类别发行。⁠[3]

首个 ETF 份额类别

2001年5月,Vanguard 宣布推出 Vanguard Total Stock Market VIPERs(Vanguard Index Participation Equity Receipts),计划于当月底在美国证券交易所以代码 VTI 开始交易。VIPER 份额并非独立产品,而是规模240亿美元的 Total Stock Market Index Fund 新增的份额类别,可在交易时段内通过经纪商买卖,年费用率为0.15%。⁠[4]

ETF 份额类别结构获得专利

Vanguard 于2003年为这一将 ETF 份额设为共同基金份额类别的结构取得专利。⁠[3]

VOO 推出

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 的 ETF 份额于2010年9月7日推出,代码为 VOO。⁠[2]

2010年9月,Vanguard 推出八只指数共同基金和九只 ETF,均基于标普美国股票基准,其中包括旗舰基金 Vanguard 500 Index Fund 的 ETF 份额,费用率为0.06%。⁠[5]

VOO 直接与 SPDR S&P 500 ETF(SPY)竞争,后者的年费用率为0.09%。⁠[6]

费用率降至0.05%

2012年4月,Vanguard 下调多只热门 ETF 的费用率,其中 Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 的费用率由0.06%降至0.05%。⁠[7]

费用率降至0.04%

2017年5月,Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 的费用率下调1个基点至0.04%。⁠[8]

费用率降至0.03%

2019年4月,Vanguard 下调21只 ETF 的费用,VOO 的费用率由0.04%降至0.03%,成为美国跟踪标普500指数费用最低的 ETF。⁠[9]

概要招股说明书

2021年4月29日的概要招股说明书载明,该基金在 NYSE Arca 上市,采用指数化投资方法跟踪标普500指数,将全部或几乎全部资产投资于指数成分股,并按各股在指数中的大致权重持有,基金经理为 Donald M. Butler(自2016年起)和 Michelle Louie(自2017年起)。⁠[10]

ETF 份额类别专利到期

Vanguard 的这项专利定于2023年5月到期。它使 Vanguard 能把新 ETF 作为现有指数共同基金的额外份额类别推出,而非另设独立产品,ETF 份额类别也有助于压低基金各份额类别的资本利得分配。⁠[11]

该专利于2023年到期。在这一结构下,投资者可以通过共同基金和 ETF 两种形式持有同一股票组合。⁠[12]

规模超过 SPY,全年净流入创纪录

截至2025年2月18日,VOO 资产规模约为6320亿美元,超过 SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust(SPY)的6300亿美元,成为全球资产规模最大的 ETF,iSharesiSharesiShares 是资产管理公司 BlackRock 旗下的交易所交易基金(ETF)品牌,前身是1996年开始运作的 WEBS 国家指数基金,2000年起以 iShares 名称由 Barclays Global Investors 经营,2009年随 BlackRock 收购 Barclays Global Investors 归入 BlackRock。截至2026年9月30日,BlackRock 的 ETF 管理资产约6.36万亿美元,产品覆盖股票、债券、商品与数字资产等类别。点击查看完整词条 Core S&P 500 ETF(IVV)以6090亿美元位列第三。VettaFi 研究主管 Todd Rosenbluth 称之为“a tremendous milestone for Vanguard, the ETF industry”(Vanguard 和 ETF 行业的重大里程碑)。⁠[13]

当时 SPY 的年费率为0.095%。VOO 在2024年吸引超过1160亿美元的创纪录资金流入,且此前从未出现年度净流出。⁠[14]

2025年全年,投资者向 VOO 净投入1377亿美元,Vanguard 称之为“a record-breaking inflow for an ETF”(ETF 创纪录的资金流入)。⁠[2]

资产规模突破1万亿美元

2026年6月2日,Vanguard S&P 500 ETF 成为 ETF 历史上首只资产规模达到并超过1万亿美元的基金,Vanguard 于次日确认,此时距其规模超过 SPDR S&P 500 ETF 不到18个月。⁠[15]

当时 iShares Core S&P 500 ETF(IVV)资产规模约为8600亿美元,SPY 约为7860亿美元,VOO 在2026年初至6月初净流入690亿美元。⁠[16]

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 成立50周年

2026年8月31日,Vanguard 纪念 Vanguard 500 Index Fund 成立50周年。⁠[1]

截至2026年9月30日:持仓概况

截至2026年9月30日,VOO 采用被动管理的完全复制策略,按季度派息,基金经理为 Michelle Louie、Nick Birkett 和 Aurelie Denis;持股505只(基准指数503只),ETF 份额总净资产为10322.6亿美元。⁠[17]

截至2026年10月30日:标普500指数成分公司

下表按GICS行业列出VOO所跟踪的标普500指数截至2026年10月30日的500家成分公司(503只股票),点击公司名称可进入站内词条。⁠[18]

通讯服务(18家)

代码公司
GOOGL / GOOGAlphabet Inc.
TAT&T
CHTRCharter Communications
CMCSAComcast
ECHOEchoStar
FOXA / FOXFox Corporation
LYVLive Nation Entertainment
METAMeta Platforms
NFLXNetflix
NWSA / NWSNews Corp
OMCOmnicom Group
RDDTReddit
SKYDSkydance
TMUST-Mobile US
TTWOTake-Two Interactive
TKOTKO Group Holdings
VZVerizon
DISWalt Disney Company

非日常生活消费品(47家)

代码公司
ABNBAirbnb
AMZNAmazon
APTVAptiv
AZOAutoZone
BBYBest Buy
BKNGBooking Holdings
CCLCarnival Corporation
CVNACarvana
CMGChipotle Mexican Grill
DHID. R. Horton
DRIDarden Restaurants
DECKDeckers Brands
DPZDomino's
DASHDoorDash
EBAYeBay Inc.
EXPEExpedia Group
FFord Motor Company
GRMNGarmin
GMGeneral Motors
GPCGenuine Parts Company
HASHasbro
HLTHilton Worldwide
HDHome Depot
LVSLas Vegas Sands
LENLennar
LOWLowe's
LULULululemon Athletica
MARMarriott International
MCDMcDonald's
MGMMGM Resorts
NKENike
NCLHNorwegian Cruise Line Holdings
NVRNVR
ORLYO'Reilly Automotive
PHMPulteGroup
RLRalph Lauren Corporation
ROSTRoss Stores
RCLRoyal Caribbean Group
SBUXStarbucks
TPRTapestry
TSLATesla
TJXTJX Companies
TSCOTractor Supply
ULTAUlta Beauty
WSMWilliams-Sonoma
WYNNWynn Resorts
YUMYum! Brands
⁠[19]

日常消费品(34家)

代码公司
MOAltria
ADMArcher Daniels Midland
BF.BBrown–Forman
BGBunge Global
CASYCasey's
CHDChurch & Dwight
CLXClorox
KOCoca-Cola Company
CLColgate-Palmolive
STZConstellation Brands
COSTCostco
DGDollar General
DLTRDollar Tree
ELEstée Lauder Companies
GISGeneral Mills
HSYHershey Company
HRLHormel Foods
SJMJ.M. Smucker Company
KVUEKenvue
KDPKeurig Dr Pepper
KMBKimberly-Clark
KHCKraft Heinz
KRKroger
MKCMcCormick & Company
MDLZMondelez International
MNSTMonster Beverage
PEPPepsiCo
PMPhilip Morris International
PGProcter & Gamble
SYYSysco
TGTTarget Corporation
TSNTyson Foods
VYLRVylor
WMTWalmart

能源(21家)

代码公司
APAAPA Corporation
BKRBaker Hughes
CVXChevron Corporation
COPConocoPhillips
DVNDevon Energy
FANGDiamondback Energy
EOGEOG Resources
EQTEQT Corporation
EXEExpand Energy
XOMExxonMobil
HALHalliburton
KMIKinder Morgan
MPCMarathon Petroleum
OXYOccidental Petroleum
OKEOneok
PSXPhillips 66
SLBSchlumberger
TRGPTarga Resources
TPLTexas Pacific Land Corporation
VLOValero Energy
WMBWilliams Companies
⁠[19]

金融(76家)

代码公司
AFLAflac
ALLAllstate
AXPAmerican Express
AIGAmerican International Group
AMPAmeriprise Financial
AONAon plc
APOApollo Global Management
ACGLArch Capital Group
ARESAres Management
AJGArthur J. Gallagher & Co.
AIZAssurant
BACBank of America
BRK.BBerkshire Hathaway
BLKBlackRock
BXBlackstone Inc.
XYZBlock
BNYBNY Mellon
BROBrown & Brown
COFCapital One
CBOECboe Global Markets
SCHWCharles Schwab Corporation
CBChubb Limited
CINFCincinnati Financial
CCitigroup
CFGCitizens Financial Group
CMECME Group
COINCoinbase
CPAYCorpay
ERIEErie Indemnity
EGEverest Group
FDSFactSet
FISFidelity National Information Services
FITBFifth Third Bancorp
FISVFiserv
BENFranklin Resources
GPNGlobal Payments
GLGlobe Life
GSGoldman Sachs
HIGHartford
HBANHuntington Bancshares
IBKRInteractive Brokers
ICEIntercontinental Exchange
IVZInvesco
JKHYJack Henry & Associates
JPMJPMorgan Chase
KEYKeyCorp
KKRKKR & Co.
LLoews Corporation
MTBM&T Bank
MRSHMarsh McLennan
MAMastercard
METMetLife
MCOMoody's Corporation
MSMorgan Stanley
MSCIMSCI
NDAQNasdaq, Inc.
NTRSNorthern Trust
PYPLPayPal
PNCPNC Financial Services
PFGPrincipal Financial Group
PGRProgressive Corporation
PRUPrudential Financial
RJFRaymond James Financial
RFRegions Financial Corporation
HOODRobinhood Markets
SPGIS&P Global
STTState Street Corporation
SYFSynchrony Financial
TROWT. Rowe Price
TRVTravelers Companies
TFCTruist Financial
USBU.S. Bancorp
VVisa Inc.
WRBW. R. Berkley Corporation
WFCWells Fargo
WTWWillis Towers Watson
⁠[19]

医疗保健(60家)

代码公司
ABTAbbott Laboratories
ABBVAbbVie
AAgilent Technologies
ALGNAlign Technology
AMGNAmgen
BAXBaxter International
BDXBecton Dickinson
TECHBio-Techne
BIIBBiogen
BSXBoston Scientific
BMYBristol Myers Squibb
CAHCardinal Health
CORCencora
CNCCentene Corporation
CRLCharles River Laboratories
CICigna
COOCooper Companies
CVSCVS Health
DHRDanaher Corporation
DVADaVita
DXCMDexcom
EWEdwards Lifesciences
ELVElevance Health
LLYEli Lilly
GEHCGE HealthCare
GILDGilead Sciences
HCAHCA Healthcare
HSICHenry Schein
HUMHumana
IDXXIdexx Laboratories
ILMNIllumina
INCYIncyte
PODDInsulet Corporation
ISRGIntuitive Surgical
IQVIQVIA
JNJJohnson & Johnson
LHLabcorp
MCKMcKesson
MDTMedtronic
MRKMerck & Co.
MTDMettler Toledo
MRNAModerna
PFEPfizer
DGXQuest Diagnostics
REGNRegeneron Pharmaceuticals
RMDResMed
RVTYRevvity
SOLVSolventum
STESteris
SYKStryker Corporation
TMOThermo Fisher Scientific
UNHUnitedHealth Group
UHSUniversal Health Services
VEEVVeeva Systems
VRTXVertex Pharmaceuticals
VTRSViatris
WATWaters Corporation
WSTWest Pharmaceutical Services
ZBHZimmer Biomet
ZTSZoetis

工业(82家)

代码公司
MMM3M
AOSA. O. Smith
ALLEAllegion
AMEAmetek
ADPAutomatic Data Processing
AXONAxon Enterprise
BEBloom Energy
BABoeing
BRBroadridge Financial Solutions
CHRWC.H. Robinson
CARRCarrier Global
CATCaterpillar Inc.
CTASCintas
FIXComfort Systems USA
CPRTCopart
CSXCSX Corporation
CMICummins
DEDeere & Company
DALDelta Air Lines
DOVDover Corporation
ETNEaton Corporation
EMEEmcor
EMREmerson Electric
EFXEquifax
EXPDExpeditors International
FASTFastenal
FDXFedEx
FDXFFedEx Freight
FERGFerguson Enterprises
FTVFortive
GEGE Aerospace
GEVGE Vernova
GNRCGenerac
GDGeneral Dynamics
HONAHoneywell Aerospace
HONHoneywell Technologies
HWMHowmet Aerospace
HUBBHubbell Incorporated
HIIHuntington Ingalls Industries
IEXIDEX Corporation
ITWIllinois Tool Works
IRIngersoll Rand
JBHTJ.B. Hunt
JJacobs Solutions
JCIJohnson Controls
LHXL3Harris
LDOSLeidos
LIILennox International
LMTLockheed Martin
MASMasco
NDSNNordson Corporation
NSCNorfolk Southern
NOCNorthrop Grumman
ODFLOld Dominion
OTISOtis Worldwide
PCARPaccar
PHParker Hannifin
PAYXPaychex
PNRPentair
PWRQuanta Services
RSGRepublic Services
ROKRockwell Automation
ROLRollins
RTXRTX Corporation
SNASnap-on
LUVSouthwest Airlines
SWKStanley Black & Decker
TXTTextron
TTTrane Technologies
TDGTransDigm Group
UBERUber
UNPUnion Pacific Corporation
UALUnited Airlines Holdings
UPSUnited Parcel Service
URIUnited Rentals
VLTOVeralto
VRSKVerisk Analytics
VRTVertiv
GWWW. W. Grainger
WABWabtec
WMWaste Management
XYLXylem Inc.

信息技术(76家)

代码公司
ACNAccenture
ADBEAdobe Inc.
AMDAdvanced Micro Devices
AKAMAkamai Technologies
APHAmphenol
ADIAnalog Devices
AAPLApple Inc.
AMATApplied Materials
APPAppLovin
ANETArista Networks
ADSKAutodesk
AVGOBroadcom
CDNSCadence Design Systems
CDWCDW Corporation
CIENCiena
CSCOCisco
CTSHCognizant
COHRCoherent Corp.
GLWCorning Inc.
CRWDCrowdStrike
DDOGDatadog
DELLDell Technologies
PEverpure
FFIVF5
FICOFair Isaac
FSLRFirst Solar
FLEXFlex Ltd.
FTNTFortinet
ITGartner
GENGen Digital
GDDYGoDaddy
HPEHewlett Packard Enterprise
HPQHP Inc.
IBMIBM
INTCIntel
INTUIntuit
JBLJabil
KEYSKeysight Technologies
KLACKLA Corporation
LRCXLam Research
LITELumentum
MRVLMarvell Technology
MCHPMicrochip Technology
MUMicron Technology
MSFTMicrosoft
MPWRMonolithic Power Systems
MSIMotorola Solutions
NTAPNetApp
NVDANvidia
NXPINXP Semiconductors
ONON Semiconductor
ORCLOracle Corporation
PLTRPalantir Technologies
PANWPalo Alto Networks
PTCPTC Inc.
QQnity Electronics
QCOMQualcomm
ROPRoper Technologies
CRMSalesforce
SNDKSandisk
STXSeagate Technology
NOWServiceNow
SWKSSkyworks Solutions
SMCISupermicro
SNPSSynopsys
TELTE Connectivity
TDYTeledyne Technologies
TERTeradyne
TXNTexas Instruments
TRMBTrimble Inc.
TWLOTwilio
TYLTyler Technologies
VRSNVerisign
WDCWestern Digital
WDAYWorkday
ZBRAZebra Technologies

原材料(25家)

代码公司
APDAir Products
ALBAlbemarle Corporation
AMCRAmcor
AVYAvery Dennison
BALLBall Corporation
CFCF Industries
CRHCRH plc
DOWDow Inc.
DDDuPont
ECLEcolab
FCXFreeport-McMoRan
IFFInternational Flavors & Fragrances
IPInternational Paper
LINLinde plc
LYBLyondellBasell
MLMMartin Marietta Materials
MOSMosaic Company
NEMNewmont
NUENucor
PKGPackaging Corporation of America
PPGPPG Industries
SHWSherwin-Williams
SWSmurfit Westrock
STLDSteel Dynamics
VMCVulcan Materials Company
⁠[19]

房地产(30家)

代码公司
AREAlexandria Real Estate Equities
AMTAmerican Tower
BXPBXP
CPTCamden Property Trust
CBRECBRE Group
CSGPCoStar Group
CCICrown Castle
DLRDigital Realty
EQIXEquinix
ESSEssex Property Trust
EXRExtra Space Storage
FRTFederal Realty Investment Trust
DOCHealthpeak Properties
HSTHost Hotels & Resorts
INVHInvitation Homes
IRMIron Mountain
KIMKimco Realty
MAAMid-America Apartment Communities
PLDPrologis
PSAPublic Storage
ORealty Income
REGRegency Centers
SBACSBA Communications
SPGSimon Property Group
UDRUDR
VTRVentas
VICIVici Properties
VMRKVivmark Residential
WELLWelltower
WYWeyerhaeuser

公用事业(31家)

代码公司
AESAES Corporation
LNTAlliant Energy
AEEAmeren
AEPAmerican Electric Power
AWKAmerican Water Works
ATOAtmos Energy
CNPCenterPoint Energy
CMSCMS Energy
EDConsolidated Edison
CEGConstellation Energy
DDominion Energy
DTEDTE Energy
DUKDuke Energy
EIXEdison International
ETREntergy
EVRGEvergy
ESEversource Energy
EXCExelon
FEFirstEnergy
NEENextEra Energy
NINiSource
NRGNRG Energy
PCGPG&E Corporation
PNWPinnacle West Capital
PPLPPL Corporation
PEGPublic Service Enterprise Group
SRESempra
SOSouthern Company
VSTVistra Corp.
WECWEC Energy Group
XELXcel Energy
⁠[19]

来源

  1. Vanguard Celebrates 50th Anniversary of Vanguard 500 Index Fund(在新窗口打开)
  2. 50 years. 50 facts. Indexing since 1976.(在新窗口打开)
  3. Vanguard’s Patent Expired. Now What?(在新窗口打开)
  4. Vanguard to Offer ETFs at Month-End(在新窗口打开)
  5. Vanguard Introduces Index Funds and ETFs Based on S&P Benchmarks(在新窗口打开)
  6. Vanguard Adds 9 S&P Equity ETF Funds(在新窗口打开)
  7. Vanguard Cuts Expense Ratios on Popular ETFs(在新窗口打开)
  8. ETF Watch: Vanguard Cuts Expense Ratios(在新窗口打开)
  9. Vanguard trims fees across 21 ETFs; giants VTI and VOO included(在新窗口打开)
  10. Vanguard S&P 500 ETF Summary Prospectus(在新窗口打开)
  11. As Vanguard’s ETF Patent Expires, What Comes Next?(在新窗口打开)
  12. Vanguard’s expired patent may emerge as ‘game changer’ for fund industry(在新窗口打开)
  13. VOO Surpasses SPY as World’s Biggest ETF(在新窗口打开)
  14. Vanguard topples State Street with world’s new largest ETF(在新窗口打开)
  15. Vanguard index product becomes first ETF to top $1 trillion in assets(在新窗口打开)
  16. Vanguard’s VOO becomes first ETF to surpass $1 trillion in assets(在新窗口打开)
  17. Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | VOO(在新窗口打开)
  18. VOO-Vanguard S&P 500 ETF | Vanguard(在新窗口打开)
  19. Vanguard 500 Index Fund(在新窗口打开)
  20. Reddit Set to Join S&P 500 and Sun Communities to Join S&P MidCap 400(在新窗口打开)
  21. Paramount Completes Acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery, Creating a New Global Entertainment Leader, Skydance(在新窗口打开)
  22. Casey's General Stores Set to Join S&P 500; DigitalOcean Holdings to Join S&P MidCap 400; Broadstone Net Lease to Join S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  23. Vylor Added to the S&P 500; Twilio Set to Join S&P 500; Others to Join S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  24. Veeva Systems Set to Join S&P 500(在新窗口打开)
  25. Bloom Energy, Illumina, and Everpure Set to Join S&P 500; Others to Join S&P 100, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  26. FedEx Freight Holding Company Set to Join S&P 500; EPAM Systems and Dave to Join S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  27. Honeywell Aerospace Set to Join S&P 500 & S&P 100; Others to Join S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  28. Ferguson Enterprises Set to Join S&P 500 and ADI Global Distribution to Join S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  29. Marvell Technology and Flex Set to Join S&P 500; Others to Join S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600(在新窗口打开)
  30. Equity Residential and AvalonBay Communities Announce Shareholder Approvals for Merger to Create Vivmark Residential(在新窗口打开)