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Ian Goodfellow

Ian Goodfellow is a machine learning researcher who introduced generative adversarial networks (GANs) in 2014 while a doctoral student at the University of Montreal and co-wrote the textbook Deep Learning with Yoshua BengioYoshua BengioYoshua Bengio is a professor of computer science at Université de Montréal, founder of Mila and a deep learning pioneer who shared the 2018 Turing Award with Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun; since 2023 he has turned to AI safety research, chairing the International AI Safety Report and founding the non-profit LawZero in 2025. He appeared on the Lex Fridman Podcast in 2018.Open the full entry and Aaron Courville; he worked at Google BrainGoogle BrainGoogle Brain was Google’s AI research team, co-founded by Jeff Dean and others in 2011. It open-sourced the TensorFlow machine learning system in 2015 and was merged with DeepMind into Google DeepMind in April 2023.Open the full entry, OpenAIOpenAIOpenAI is an artificial intelligence research and product organization founded in 2015 that develops the GPT model series, ChatGPT, Codex and a developer API, and conducts research on image, speech, video and intelligent agents. After its 2025 restructuring, the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation continues to control the for-profit OpenAI Group PBC. Its growth has involved large-scale fundraising and compute partnerships, and has also been accompanied by controversies over governance, copyright, privacy and AI safety.Open the full entry and Apple before joining DeepMindGoogle DeepMindGoogle DeepMind is Google’s artificial intelligence research organization, formed in April 2023 by merging DeepMind, which Google acquired in 2014, with the Brain team from Google Research, and led by CEO Demis Hassabis. It developed AlphaGo, AlphaFold, and the Gemini family of models, and Hassabis and John Jumper received the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for AlphaFold’s protein structure prediction work.Open the full entry in 2022.

Contents16 sections
Key facts

Street View House-Number Recognition Paper

With Yaroslav Bulatov, Julian Ibarz and others at GoogleGoogleGoogle is an American technology company founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin and incorporated in 1998. It became an Alphabet subsidiary in 2015. Its businesses include internet search, advertising, software platforms, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence.Open the full entry, he submitted a paper on recognizing arbitrary multi-digit numbers from Street View imagery with deep convolutional neural networks, a sub-problem of recognizing multi-character text in natural photographs.⁠[1]

Conceives GANs in Montreal

One night in 2014, while still a doctoral student, Goodfellow had the idea while celebrating a fellow student’s graduation at Les 3 Brasseurs, a Montreal bar; back home he coded the first example of what he named a “generative adversarial network.”⁠[2]

Submits the GAN Paper

As first author with Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville and others, he submitted “Generative Adversarial Networks,” a framework for “estimating generative models via an adversarial process,” in which generator G is trained to maximize the probability that discriminator D makes a mistake.⁠[3]

Research on Adversarial Examples

With Jonathon Shlens and Christian Szegedy he submitted “Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples,” examining why neural networks and other models consistently misclassify adversarial examples.⁠[4]

Google, OpenAI and Google Brain

Goodfellow received his Ph.D. from the University of Montreal in 2014 and then worked at OpenAI and Google.⁠[5]

At Google Brain he did deep learning research and helped improve products; he then spent about a year at OpenAI before returning to Google as a research scientist for a little over two years.⁠[6]

Publishes the Textbook Deep Learning

Deep Learning, the textbook he co-wrote with Yoshua Bengio and Aaron Courville, was published by MIT Press in 2016, and its complete online version remains free to read.⁠[7]

GAN Tutorial at NIPS

He presented the tutorial on generative adversarial networks at NIPS 2016 and released a report summarizing it on December 31, 2016.⁠[8]

His list of presentations shows repeated talks on adversarial examples and adversarial training from 2015 to 2019, including a live demo of physical adversarial examples at GeekPwn 2016 and a “35 under 35” talk at EmTech 2017.⁠[9]

Named an MIT Technology Review Innovator Under 35

MIT Technology Review named Goodfellow, then 31, one of its Innovators Under 35 for inventing a way for neural networks to improve by working together; he was then a staff research scientist on the Google Brain team.⁠[10]

Leading a Machine Learning Security Team

He was then heading a machine learning security team at Google, saying: “hopefully we can make significant advances in security before we’re too far in.”⁠[2]

Joins Apple

Goodfellow joined Apple in March 2019 as a director of machine learning in the Special Projects Group; at Google he had worked on GANs and security, including adversarial attacks.⁠[5]

Appears on the Lex Fridman Podcast

Leaves Apple over Return-to-Office Policy

Goodfellow left Apple over its in-person work policy and was subsequently set to join Alphabet’s DeepMind; DeepMind declined to comment at the time.⁠[12]

Officially Joins DeepMind

Goodfellow officially announced that he was joining DeepMind as a research scientist on its Deep Learning team.⁠[6]

As of October 2026: Scholarly Impact

His Google Scholar page lists his affiliation as DeepMind with 443,694 total citations; his most-cited works are the GAN paper (2014), Deep Learning (2016), the adversarial examples paper (2014), TensorFlow (2015) and “Intriguing properties of neural networks” (2013).⁠[13]

Related Organizations, Websites, and Public Accounts

Sources

  1. Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (opens in a new window)
  2. The GANfather: The man who’s given machines the gift of imagination (opens in a new window)
  3. Generative Adversarial Networks (opens in a new window)
  4. Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples (opens in a new window)
  5. Apple hires AI expert Ian Goodfellow from Google (opens in a new window)
  6. Ian Goodfellow Officially Joins DeepMind (opens in a new window)
  7. Deep Learning (opens in a new window)
  8. NIPS 2016 Tutorial: Generative Adversarial Networks (opens in a new window)
  9. Presentations (opens in a new window)
  10. Ian Goodfellow | MIT Technology Review (opens in a new window)
  11. Ian Goodfellow: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) | Lex Fridman Podcast (opens in a new window)
  12. Report: Apple ML exec that left over in-person work policy joining Alphabet’s DeepMind (opens in a new window)
  13. Ian Goodfellow - Google Scholar (opens in a new window)
  14. Ian Goodfellow (opens in a new window)