Hifi Finance
Hifi Finance is an EthereumEthereumEthereum is an open, general-purpose smart contract blockchain that launched in 2015, and its native asset is ether (ETH). The project was proposed by Vitalik Buterin and advanced jointly by eight co-founders; the network now uses proof of stake and centers on the EVM, the account model, a rollup scaling roadmap, and the open EIP process.Open the full entry fixed-rate lending protocol formerly known as Mainframe. Its application was removed following an October 2026 governance attack.
Contents19 sections
Key facts
Early development: Encrypted communications
Founded by Mick Hagen, Mainframe initially developed censorship-resistant communications and the Onyx messaging application. In 2018, it moved from London to Lehi, Utah, and supported digital-rights and human-rights organizations through Proof of Heart.[1]
February 2021Rebranding and lending launch
In February 2021, Mainframe launched a fixed-rate lending application under the HiFi name, initially accepting WBTC collateral for USDC borrowing. Doug Leonard was chief executive.[2]
2021Pivot and community
In a 2021 interview, Leonard described a pivot into decentralized finance after the earlier decentralized chat product failed to gain expected traction. The project also provided Korean-language web and social channels.[3]
January 2023Token migration
On January 12, BinanceBinanceBinance is a global digital asset trading and multi-asset financial platform launched in 2017 and co-founded by Changpeng Zhao and Yi He. Its business has expanded from spot trading to derivatives, wallets, payments, a public blockchain ecosystem, market data, traditional securities, and artificial intelligence interfaces; its history also includes security incidents, regulatory enforcement across multiple jurisdictions, a 2023 U.S. criminal settlement, and subsequent compliance restructuring.Open the full entry announced completion of the MFT-to-HIFI token swap at 1 MFT for 0.01 HIFI and opened deposits and withdrawals for the replacement token. The migration included a redenomination.[4]
June 2023First real-world asset proposal
On June 27, Hifi introduced a proposed 1952 Volkswagen Type 2 DeLuxe Microbus collateral asset with a professional appraisal of $650,000. That figure was an appraisal; legal agreements and the governance proposal were still pending.[5]
November 2023Liquidity bootstrapping proposal
HIP 6 proposed allocating 20 million HIFI over ten months in exchange for USDC to build protocol-owned liquidity, with a refund option after one year. It funded protocol liquidity rather than corporate equity.[6]
December 2024Liquidity-program update
On December 3, the team stated that HIP 6 had secured over $13.5 million in liquidity. HIP 14 proposed reallocating returned HIFI under the original terms without minting new tokens; the announcement presented a proposal awaiting a vote.[7]
February 2025v3 whitepaper
The v3 whitepaper by Doug Leonard and Ricky Stamton proposed the HFD stablecoin, a shared liquidity module and isolated lending markets. Rates would be fixed when positions opened within governance-defined ranges. The document described a design proposal.[8]
April 2025Retrenchment plan
HIP 16 proposed removing SHEETp collateral support, moving PooledNFT to withdrawals only and establishing an asset-disposal plan for a possible wind-down. It was a governance proposal.[9]
December 2025Continuance proposal
HIP 17 proposed a market maturing March 26, 2027, continued ETH and existing RWA support, and burning 25 million HIFI minted under HIP 15. The team stated that the baseline plan had been in operation for months.[10]
October 2026Governance attack and lending halt
On October 29, the team acknowledged loss of protocol and token control, initially estimating losses near $20,000. DAO exchange liquidity was withdrawn. New lending stopped; the team took over existing RWA debt, expecting repayment by March 26, 2027.[11]
October 30, 2026App removal and approval risk
The next day, the team redirected the application URL and said the attacker could continue upgrading the Balance Sheet contract. Listed DSProxies held no WETH then; future deposits could create exposure.[12]
Lending mechanism: Historical hToken design
The earlier protocol represented maturing debt with hTokens: borrowers minted them against excess collateral, while lenders bought at a discount and redeemed at maturity. Separate maturities had distinct markets whose prices implied interest rates. This preceded the v3 proposal.[13]
Governance design: Upgrades and parameters
Historical governance documentation used a Governor Bravo-derived framework for collateral, borrowing limits and Balance Sheet upgrades. Pausing retained withdrawals.[14]
Organization: Hifi DAO
Under its TUNAA agreement, Hifi DAO adopted a Delaware unincorporated nonprofit association structure for protocol governance. This was its published organizational description.[15]
Real-world assets: Off-chain enforcement
Under the RWA model, lending partners financed end borrowers while the protocol recorded debt and collateral tokens. Default required contractual enforcement against physical assets by the partner; smart contracts could not independently sell cars or property. Proceeds covered costs and debt first.[16]
Historical risk controls: Oracles and liquidation
Security documentation described ChainlinkChainlink (LINK)Chainlink is a decentralized oracle and cross-chain computing platform co-founded by Sergey Nazarov and Steve Ellis. LINK supports network incentives and payments. From its 2017 whitepaper and 2019 Ethereum mainnet launch, the protocol expanded into data feeds, Proof of Reserve, Automation, VRF, CCIP, staking and the Chainlink Runtime Environment.Open the full entry price feeds for collateral valuation and discounted collateral as an incentive for third-party liquidation. These lending-risk controls did not establish immunity from governance-control risks.[17]
Developer
Sources
- Flash Drives for Freedom helps HRF win part of a $1.4 million grant (opens in a new window)
- HiFi : Launches Fixed-rate Cryptocurrency Lending and Borrowing Application (opens in a new window)
- ‘Being Inclusive Is a Lot About Access,’ Says Hifi Finance CEO (opens in a new window)
- Binance completes Mainframe (MFT) token swap, shrinkage and brand upgrade to Hifi Finance (HIFI) (opens in a new window)
- Introducing Our First Real-World Asset (opens in a new window)
- HIP 6 — Liquidity Bootstrapping Program (opens in a new window)
- HIP 14 — Administrative Update for Our Liquidity Bootstrapping Program (opens in a new window)
- Hifi v3 Whitepaper (opens in a new window)
- HIP 16 - Baseline Plan for Hifi DAO (opens in a new window)
- HIP 17 - Continuance Resolution (opens in a new window)
- Hifi DAO Governance Attack (opens in a new window)
- HIFI DAO Governance Attack Update — October 30, 2026 (opens in a new window)
- Protocol | Hifi Docs (opens in a new window)
- Governance | Hifi Docs (opens in a new window)
- Hifi DAO | Hifi Docs (opens in a new window)
- RWA Liquidation Process | Hifi Docs (opens in a new window)
- Security | Hifi Docs (opens in a new window)
- HIP 2 - Token Swap & Ethereum Mainnet Deployment (opens in a new window)